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Scientists Accurately Predict Age With Saliva DNA Sample; SALIVA AS A PREDICTOR OF AGE

by | Oct 16, 2012 | DNA Testing Louisiana, DNA Testing Texas | 0 comments

ScienceDaily (June 23, 2011) — Self-conscious about your age? Careful where you spit. UCLA geneticists now can use saliva to reveal how old you are.

Promising research now shows that DNA Methylation of human saliva can be utilized to predict a person’s age with a modest degree of accuracy. No doubt the technique will improve with refinement and ongoing technological advances. Inferential methods like this are invaluable, because they allow forensic investigators to build a suspect’s profile without having to rely on database matches (as is the case with fingerprints, DNA, etc.).

The June 22 advance online edition of the Public Library of Science (PLoS) ONE publishes the findings, which offer a myriad of potential applications. A newly patented test based on the research, for example, could offer crime-scene investigators a new forensic tool for pinpointing a suspect’s age.

“Our approach supplies one answer to the enduring quest for reliable markers of aging,” said principal investigator Dr. Eric Vilain, a professor of human genetics, pediatrics and urology at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA. “With just a saliva sample, we can accurately predict a person’s age without knowing anything else about them.”

Vilain and his colleagues looked at a process called methylation — a chemical modification of one of the four building blocks that make up our DNA.

“While genes partly shape how our body ages, environmental influences also can change our DNA as we age,” explained Vilain. “Methylation patterns shift as we grow older and contribute to aging-related disease.”

Using saliva samples contributed by 34 pairs of identical male twins ages 21 to 55, UCLA researchers scoured the men’s genomes and identified 88 sites on the DNA that strongly correlated methylation to age. They replicated their findings in a general population of 31 men and 29 women aged 18 to 70.

Next, the scientists built a predictive model using two of the three genes with the strongest age-related linkage to methylation. When they plugged in the data from the twins’ and the other group’s saliva samples, they were able to correctly predict a person’s age within five years — an unprecedented level of accuracy.

“Methylation’s relationship with age is so strong that we can identify how old someone is by examining just two of the 3 billion building blocks that make up our genome,” said first author Sven Bocklandt, a former UCLA geneticist now at Bioline.

Vilain and his team envision the test becoming a forensic tool in crime-scene investigations. By analyzing the traces of saliva left in a tooth bite or on a coffee cup, lab experts could narrow the age of a criminal suspect to a five-year range.

In a minority of the population, methylation does not correlate with chronological age. Using this data, scientists may one day be able to calculate a person’s “bio-age” — the measurement of a person’s biological age versus their chronological age.

Physicians could evaluate the risk of age-related diseases in routine medical screenings and tailor interventions based on the patient’s bio-age rather than their chronological age. Instead of requiring everyone to undergo a colonoscopy at age 50, for example, physicians would recommend preventive tests according to a person’s bio-age.

“Doctors could predict your medical risk for a particular disease and customize treatment based on your DNA’s true biological age, as opposed to how old you are,” noted Vilain. “By eliminating costly and unnecessary tests, we could target those patients who really need them.”

The UCLA team is currently exploring whether people with lower bio-age live longer and suffer less disease. They also are examining if the reverse is true — whether higher bio-age is linked to a greater rate of disease and early death.

The study was internally funded by UCLA. Vilain’s coauthors included Bocklandt, Wen Lin, Mary Sehl, Francisco Sáncheza, Janet Sinsheimer and Steve Horvath, all of UCLA.

ABSTRACT:

From the moment of conception, we begin to age. A decay of cellular structures, gene regulation, and DNA sequence ages cells and organisms. DNA methylation patterns change with increasing age and contribute to age related disease. Here we identify 88 sites in or near 80 genes for which the degree of cytosine methylation is significantly correlated with age in saliva of 34 male identical twin pairs between 21 and 55 years of age. Furthermore, we validated sites in the promoters of three genes and replicated our results in a general population sample of 31 males and 29 females between 18 and 70 years of age. The methylation of three sites—in the promoters of the EDARADD, TOM1L1, and NPTX2 genes—is linear with age over a range of five decades. Using just two cytosines from these loci, we built a regression model that explained 73% of the variance in age, and is able to predict the age of an individual with an average accuracy of 5.2 years. In forensic science, such a model could estimate the age of a person, based on a biological sample alone. Furthermore, a measurement of relevant sites in the genome could be a tool in routine medical screening to predict the risk of age-related diseases and to tailor interventions based on the epigenetic bio-age instead of the chronological age. Learn more about DNA Paternity Testing through Saliva through DATCS at (888) 201-0242

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